![]() In order to minimize X-ray exposure, the seat angle was fixed, and only one image was taken. Next, a seated lateral X-ray of the pelvis from the lumbar spine of the subject seated on the radiography table was performed. ![]() The aim of this study was to investigate the physical parameters that affect the initial position of the lap belt related to seat belt injury, and to contribute to the development of a safer car seat and belt. We hypothesized that the initial position of the same seat belt may change due to individual differences in age, sex, body shape and spinopelvic alignment, which would affect the position of the SBS. The position of the SBS is the sum of the lap belt position during driving (initial position) and the amount of shift during a collision (upward shift). In the laboratory, it is necessary to separate the lap belt position into static and dynamic factors. The mechanism of why the lap belt (the abdominal part of the seatbelt) does not catch on the iliac crest but causes abdominal damage above the ASIS is still unknown. reported a higher risk of seatbelt injury, especially if the abdominal SBS was located above the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) 8. Doersch and Dozier named the characteristic subcutaneous hemorrhagic spots on the chest and abdomen that correspond to the shape of the seat belt in traffic accidents the seat belt sign (SBS) 7. first reported a seatbelt injury, calling it “the seatbelt syndrome” 6. Seatbelts have helped to significantly reduce occupant mortality 2, 3, but as seatbelts have become more commonplace, injuries caused by seatbelts during traffic accidents have increased 4, 5. Since the prototype of the current three-point seat belt in 1959, its use has spread throughout the world. were adopted for automobiles and adapted improved for safety in the event of a traffic accident. After that, the seat belts used in aircraft etc. According to the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Statistical Bulletin in 1922, the number of automobile fatalities in 50 cities in the United States was 3637 (149.7 per 1 million population) in 19 (155.1 per 1 million population) in 1921, and it was reported that traffic accidents as a cause of death had come to the fore 1. In the early 1900s, as motorization in the United States led to automobile use becoming widespread among the public, the number of traffic accidents increased dramatically. This analysis can help to develop safer seat belts and to enlighten car occupants. Since the lap belt is positioned higher than the ASIS in occupants with a high BMI, it is likely to cause seat belt injury. The relationship between physical characteristics and the initial position of seat belt was analyzed. X-value and Z-value were positively correlated with body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, while the lap belt angle was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI, and waist circumference. Statistical analysis of the relationships between physical characteristics and radiological findings was performed. The lap belt angle was determined to measure the angle between the horizontal line and the straight line connecting the upper edges of the markers. In the lateral X-ray image, we measured the horizontal distance (X-value) and vertical distance (Z-value) from the ASIS to the central marker. Radiographical findings were measured lumber lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and initial lap belt position by marking with lead tape for the center and ASIS of the lap belt installed on the driver’s car seat. Physical findings were clarified age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. This study was examined prospectively relation between physical characteristics of one hundred healthy volunteers and lap belt position sitting the car seat. The purpose of this study analyzed the physical and radiographic factors of healthy volunteers sit on car seat that affect initial position of abdominal seat belt, namely “lap belt”, related to the seat belt injury. The risk of organ injuries is especially high when abdominal SBS is located above the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). The characteristic subcutaneous hemorrhage along the seat belt in motor vehicle accidents is called the seat belt sign (SBS).
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